Delivering Lifelong Learning Essay

Introduction.Learning is an ara of our lives that we every(prenominal) engage in from the time we ar born to the time we die. Lifelong knowledge is of key vastness for individual(a)s of in all ages with an abundance of benefits. Learning en adequates the individual to be better informed in daily animateness and in that locationfore the individual becomes more prompt in and contri moreoveres to gild and this conciliates such individual a better citizen. Lifelong t from each oneing contributes to an individuals personal well world and fulfillment. Lifelong encyclopaedism supports an individuals creativity and innovation and as such increases the potential for paid or unpaid tempt friendships for satisfaction. Quote Education is the most puissant weapon you can spend to change the world Unquote, and so for me to victorfully be able to use inclusive learnedness and training ascendes in accordance with inborn bear upones and external requirements I would say req uires almost form of recognised qualifications.To complete this unit I go forth be foc apply on my puzzle program line placement. I am actively involved in the teaching and learning of ESOL students at twain separate womens academy campuses. My input is over two twenty-four hourss with two morning sessions and mavin afternoon session delivering entry level 1&2 basic Mathematics and English as well as level 1&2 functional skills. 1.1 Create a purpose-made, inclusive learning and teaching surround. Maslows hiearchy of ineluctably tells us that students will not be able to learn effectively if their safeguard and belonging needs are not met. As such I needed to pay terminal attention to the physical space and design layout of the descriptorroom. My initial feel for the first classroom/ learning purlieu that I en searchered was congestion by that I mean it was a fair sized room but the layout gave an impression that in that respect wasnt enough space for students to impri nt active. There were five large desks seating four or five students and so moving from one theatre of operations to the next meant that some students had to physically stand and maneuver their chairs to access passing. This was where I felt that I needed to connect with the students in such a manner that the subject be taught was of importance that they revereed the learning experienceand they unsounded clearly what was being taught. erst I placed that into my mind I felt better as these students were here in this learning environment for a few weeks and I am the new person here. I greeted the convocation with pleasantness and smiles as I entered the room and the response was ever so wonderful visual perception all these smiling faces made me feel very welcomed. Their personal tutor gave a short explanation of my aim and asked me to do the honors of my birth introduction. I knew there and then that this was my opportune moment and as first impressions count this had to be very good after all I am the new comer. Prior to this I had already met and discussed the different groups that I would be involved with for my teaching practice placement with the Assistant theatre director for these campus sites and I too knew which teachers I would be co-teaching with as well as the desired days and times. I was made awake of the external requirements and the internal processes for each learner to give wayicipate in these learning programs. I knew that each individual had an initial diagnostic assessment to determine the level of learning.I was made aware of the special needs requirements. Whilst I was happy to be given such information I requiremented to check for myself and with respect I could not fair accept all of this at face apprize I would be sure to check the validity of the information shared with me. There is the saying ascertaining is believing and I needed evidence. Well, as I was saying my initial greeting and purpose was a pleasant and warm one for me as well as the group. I informed them of my past work experiences that I had a family and my country of origin and where I was educated. I also mentioned places that I had travelled to and worked in the knowledgeal arena and eyes lit up with smiles, I knew then that I had captured the attention and to a certain degree the hearts of these wonderful women who wanted to key a difference in society and to themselves by engaging in this learning program. I felt good as I discover that they were even more warm and accommodating and that I had welcomed them into my arena and they accepted me. In continuing to pass water a purposeful, inclusive learning and teaching environment I needed to acknowledge the diverse make up of the learning group that amounted for celebration as part of the richness in daily life and living.I asked if the group could individually introduce themselves by saying their names and with permission their country of origin. To persist on the same spiri t of connectedness as I am thenewcomer who will be involved in their learning I wanted to know from themselves a little about their earlier learning experiences from pre- entry level to this entry level 2/3. Amazingly they volunteered family information which I welcomed and thanked them for. psychologically the students felt safe to share and clearly this also demonstrated a sense of belonging. I had created a safe environment whereby the students took risks and sometimes the information was not directly from the person concerned but from a close colleague in their presence. I felt that this feelings of safety will enable them to have a go at answering questions and talking / participating in the classroom activities without fear of being ridiculed. With the supra in mind I had to be quite sure that the all in all classroom was conducive to this pocktled environment whereby they all understand firm rules and routines. By this I mean that I emphasizes on the importance of orderli ness and tidiness.This I made quite clear was to enable them to develop and be confident in their roles as students but not to forget that they are responsible adults also and that we all wish to be valued and in the best way possible. Making sure that the classroom is left in a manner that is welcoming for the next group of learners and that we never forget our life skills that we brought into the learning arena. I had sight that the displays in the classroom were inviting and pleasant as well as stimulating. This was reflecting a station of teaching and learning activities. I observed the attractively arranged, effectively labelled, relevant and purposeful displays and I was quite impressed inquire when and what will I be adding to this informative and interactive display. It didnt take very long for that to observe with display from a field trip involving writing and speaking that reflected the learning process as part of the curriculum highlighting key learning points.As suc h the inclusive learning and teaching environment for me was not just in the classroom but out in the wider community and this was most kindle as I observed how the students interacted in a social setting. There was a wide range of reading and learning materials available for the students both in the classroom area as well as in the of import library. They were well organised and clearly labelled and convenient. The resources were diverse and this was of absolute necessitity as there are different learning styles. The availability was through visual, aural and kinaesthetic for different experiences. Creating a purposeful inclusive learning andteaching environment was not just about changing attitudes to learning. It was not just about giving all the support needed both internally and externally. It was not just about the all the activities in class and in the community, it was also about the physical layout of the design of the classroom that support the inclusive and interactive teaching and learning process. Seating and tables in some areas did not give much(prenominal) work space, and did not allow for the flexibility to support work in different contexts.By this I mean for individual work with the adequate space to place materials on the table without infringing on each others work space. Paired work, small group work as well as whole class work had been a concern at times. Limitation for me to move around and be able to see exactly how students were progressing in their given task was inadequate at times. As such with cooperation between the whole group and teachers a bigger and more admit room was made available. This new setting enabled the students the opportunity for independence, cooperative learning, collaboration and discussions throughout the teaching activities with eye contact for the learners. This also gave better access to move about the room that enabled me to ensure more purposeful, inclusive learning and teaching. However I had to be reminiscent of the social and emotional dynamics of the learning group as well as subjects and activities being taught/ delivered. I wanted my students to definitely see the course as being important. I wanted them to understand and enjoy each session because everything has an impact on learning and development. The classroom environment was maintained at bottom the health and Safety Laws ensuring that all learners were treated fairly and respectfully in that learning environment.1.2 Demonstrate an inclusive approach to teaching and learning in accordance with internal processes and external requirements. An inclusive approach to teaching and learning is a cooperative relationship between learners and teachers. The starting point to such a relationship was with the college requirements / internal processes based on what the learners were hoping to achieve. This first contact was conducted by senior management at the initial stage of the individuals learning journey, the initial a ssessment. From the institution perspective assessment provides statistical informationfor supervise the overall performance of the college as well as individual teachers. This also provides information on poem of students who started the course. The numbers of those who continued and whether successfully passed has been useful in continued recruitments that demonstrates quality and excellence.However one of the main purpose and is of great importance is that this initial assessment helps to place the learner on the right course. by and by this initial assessment matching into identified learning groups is of great value for personal tutors as there is an element of control over what is taught. However, and I must stress this, individual learners goals must be paramount in the whole process bearing in mind the learning styles identified. A process of matching group interest and individual profile determines the learners interest which is an ongoing internal process with regular updates. This was managed by identifying individual learning targets such as, speaking and listening, reading or writing. Having identified these targets being specific as to how to meet these targets was discussed with the individual learner and this information was documented. Clearly there has to be deadline for achievements with expect software documentation. Actual dates of achievements were quite important and by this I mean that some learners achieved positive outcomes before the set expected date and this informed the status of that learner as completing work was documented and dated. For others the documentation on expected outcome was that they had not yet started or that theyre in progress.This happens in all learning settings as everyone has different learning styles or even a combination of styles that has an impact on how well learning has been achieved under certain conditions. The diagnostic assessments will continue throughout the learning and this is infallible f or the continuous support needed for ILPs. ILP is of such great importance in that it must be appropriate for the learning being undertaken, be owned and used by the learner with support and be understood by the learner, basically its what the learner desires. I would say that throughout my teaching and learning experience and, this is ongoing I have experienced a range of learning styles with my learning groups. Inevitable I have had to mould the delivery of subject in such a manner that met the needs of the learners. Once this is managed properly the resulting factor will determine the success of achievements in accordance with (QCF) Qualification and Credit Framework.1.3 add opportunities for learners to practice their literacy language, numeracy and ICT skills. The Sector Skills Council for lifelong learning on Inclusive Learning approaches for Literacy, Language, Numeracy and ICT skills in the introduction of the bloke document mentions that, All teachers need to develop an a wareness of the literacy, language, numeracy and ICT needs of their learners in order for them to teach their area of specialism. The document further states that All teachers can play an important part in providing opportunities to develop literacy, language, numeracy and ICT within their learning programs. Teachers get to know their students very well after a little while and as such are able to recognise what interest them most. The initial assessment gives some indication of what they want to learn but the diagnostic assessment informs the ILP. How this process of achievement will happen is based on agreeing goals and actions to achieve those goals. Petty, G (2009, p530) states Each learner is unique and has individual needs. If the needs of our learners are discovered and met, the chances of success are greatly increased.2.0Be able to communicate with learners and other learning professionals to encourage learning.2.1Demonstrate communicating methods and media to meet the need s of all learners.2.2Communicate with other learning professionals to meet learner needs and encourage progress.3.0Understand how technology can set up learning and teaching.3.1Analyse ways to use technology to enhance learning and teaching.3.2Evaluate the benefits and limitations of using technology in learning and teaching.4.0Understanding expectations of the minimum spunk in relation to delivering lifelong learning.There are social stigma addicted to literacy numeracy and this often prevents adults from seek the help they need. It is believed that 1 in 6 adults in the UK are functionally illeterate and this skills cattle ranch is preventing the country from fully realising its full economic potential. There are social stigmas attached to this which often prevents adults from seeking the help they need. For such individuals tackling this is the first step to raising aspiration. The psychological feel good factor will allow for increased self esteem and the confidence to reach their full potential. However being illeterate and innumerate and lacking ICT skills does not mean stupidity. You have to on the ball to get through a day in the UK without these skills and so as a teacher delivering lifelong learning I must be able to help learners to overcome these barriers created by socially acceptable norms in this country.Expectations of the minimum gist I believe is that all involved in lifelong learning has a responsibility to ensure that learners are provided with every opportunity to develop literacy, language, numeracy and ICT skills. As such it is important that at the initial assessment and installment of students that literacy, language, numeracy and ICT skills are identified. We must understand that Prior learning should be established and evidenced if at all possible to determine the level attained which will inform achievable goals. Observation at installment and during the course activity to get some idea of the learner performance and what lea rners likes are, also how they like to do things will determine learning styles. Really this boils down to attitudes, skills and knowledge and what will be the motivating factor for the learners presence in the classroom.4.1Review ways in which elements of the minimum core can be demonstrated by delivering lifelong learning. Recognising that literacy, numeracy and ICT programmes must be made easily accessible to the most hard to reach individuals is a key responsibility for the Government. For those who lack the ability to read and drop a line very door appears to be closed. In this present day it is likely that they will e able to apply for jobs as filling in application forms poses some challenges which in effect will make themloose their self worth and confidence. Adults lacking the skills that so many of us take for granted on a daily basis mean that they cant even support their childrens education which is the future generation. If this is not effectively managed the revolving door syndrome continues as that is what is being seen at present. National statistics reveal that adults with ridiculous numeracy and literacy skills are twice as likely to be unemployed as those who are competent.4.2Apply minimum core elements in delivering lifelong learning. I will demonstrate this delivery of core elements with evidenced based teaching that I have undertaken and continuing as part of my teaching placement practice.5.0Be able to evaluate own practice in delivering inclusive learning and teaching.5.1Review the effectiveness of own use of inclusive learning and teaching approaches in meeting the needs of all learners.5.2Analyse ways to improve own practice in using learning and teaching approaches to meet the needs of all learners.5.3 Review ways in which own communication skills could be improved.

Globalization and the Digital Divide Essay

The globalisation era has been developing in recent years. The use of technology has an important role in course the business. Any information slightly companies can be known in a second. This condition pushes the slew in business to provide the accurate, detail and trusted information which is related to the actroupe. It also makes the party repugn to better the performance of their operational activities.To help understand how modern business development, every company unimpeachably has an orientation to make a high profit, therefore the company tries to build a safe go for in familiar. Companies will compete to increase their success two in application and trade field. At first, the company will be profit-oriented, bargonly as it progresses, it is not only focused on profit-making but also focused on kindly responsibility to keep the company alive. Companies must think about the push on their environment.Rapid business development drives industry growth, especially in Indonesia. An industrial occupation must be related to the utilization of resources and produce valuable products. This will pretend a localise and indirect impact on the environment. The natural resource management industry, especially the management of non-renewable resources (petroleum, natural gas, burn industries, etc.) is a short-term industry, but it has a long-term impact on the environment.Despite having a haughty impact on the economy of a country, an industrial exercise also has a proscribe impact on the surrounding environment. Negative impacts due to activities that cause environmental impose on _or_ oppress, should be minimized first for the good of the company and the community. At the same time, governments, stock exchanges, markets, investors and the public require companies to be transp bent about the goals, performance, and impacts of their sustainability. thence came the practice of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) in the business world.CSR is th e companys share to the stakeholders towards sustainable development by minimizing the negative impact of operational activities. Now CSR is widely known and in Indonesia has many companies that apply it. In addition, the policy has been made regarding the revelation of CSR as stipulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2007 and mentioned that a company that carries out its business activities in relation to natural resources, is obliged to carry out social and environmental responsibility.CSR is expressed in a report called Sustainability Report. As reported in www.globalreporting.org (2017), Sustainability Report is a report published by the company about the economic, environmental, and social impacts caused by daily operational activities of the company. ace of the guidelines that can be used by companies in carrying out CSR activities is the GRI (Global Reporting Initiative). GRI is an international non-profit organization with network-based structure. GRI en courages the executing of reporting with Sustainability Report as a way for companies and organizations to become more sustainable and contribute to a sustainable global economy. Companies report their activities based on principles and manifestations of standards in accordance with GRI Generation 4 (G4 Guidelines). In that way, the companies will feel the importance of CSR reporting that can improve their image, bring profit and ensure the extract of the company. However, if a company does not report CSR, it will create a conflict with stakeholders.Manufacturing is an industry whose principal(prenominal) activity is bear upon or converting raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods so that goods have added value. Each processing of raw materials from manufacturers would produce waste, causes the environment to feel its impact. The large number of manufacturing companies operating in coffee berry Island, making Java is the largest contributor of waste in Indonesia (Nat ional Geographic Indonesia, 2011). That is why covering the issue of environmental damage must be with a high skepticism. Because, besides a large number of output produced by the manufacturing company for its operational activities, it is still more output to be spent to repair environmental damage.Cases of thousands of liters of cover owned by PT Central Georgette Nusantara Printing (CGNP) that spill out pollutes Cibingbin River in Bandung, West Java makes people uneasy because the waste has been polluting the river that empties into the Sanguling Reservoir. The companys operational activities in this area cause environmental damage and harm the people around. It also causes two hectares of paddy fields managed by local people, jeopardise crops failing. This condition makes people consider the environmental issues are the main ones. After getting pressure from both the government and the people around the factory, the company is ultimately responsible for the environmental pollu tion issue. The case supra pushes the role of CSR as a business-enhancing success for a company.This search is using firm coat, lucrativeness, leverage, public self-possession and industry sensitivity as independent variable quantitys and CSR disclosure which uses G4 guidelines as the dependent variable. fast sizing is an forefinger that can indicate a condition or characteristic (large or small) of a company. Large companies are more in demand by analysts and brokers because they be to be easy to publish financial reports and tend to be in stable performance positions (Astuti & Nugrahanti, 2015). Profitability sums the overall progenyiveness of management in generating dinero with its assets (Smart & Graham, 2010, p. 66). It marrow to bank note the activity of the company in earned net profit. Leverage provides a exposition of the companys capital structure, thus it can use to see the level of risk of uncollectible debt (Fahrizqi, 2010). mankind ownership is the pro portion of share ownership owned by the public of the companys shares (Arthana, 2012). exertion sensitivity can be interpreted as how big the influence of industrial activity that is presently related to the environment (Winarsih, 2015).The research about the determinant of CSR has been done by some researchers such(prenominal) as Arthana (2012) showed that public ownership and firm surface have no significant resolution on CSR disclosure. Meanwhile, leverage and profitability have a significant stamp on CSR disclosure. However, it was a different research by Kusuma (2012). It showed that that firm size and public ownership have a significant effect on CSR disclosure and leverage does not affect the CSR disclosure. The research by Kusuma (2012) was support by Wijaya (2012), Zanirah (2012) and M. Nur & D. Priantinah (2012) showed that firm size significantly influences, but to leverage and profitability does not affect the disclosure of social responsibility.Zanirah (2012) showe d that the firm size has a positive significant effect and leverage has a negative effect, while profitability has no significant effect on CSR disclosure. M. Nur & D. Priantinah (2012) showed that profitability and public ownership have no significant effect on CSR disclosure. Firm size has a positive significant effect and leverage has a negative significant effect. C. Putra (2012) has a different result compared with M. Nur & D. Priantinah (2012) and Zanirah (2012). It showed that firm size has a significant effect on CSR disclosure in manufacture companies while leverage, profitability, and public ownership have no significant effect.From ahead studies that show the different effects on CSR disclosure exhibit the research gap with different variable and different object push the researcher to retest research by C. Putra (2012) by adding a variable to improve the results about THE EFFECT OF FIRM SIZE, PROFITABILITY, LEVERAGE, PUBLIC OWNERSHIP AND INDUSTRY SENSITIVITY ON CSR DISC LOSURE (A eccentric person STUDY OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE YEAR 2013-2017)Research QuestionsBased on the background, the research questions that are discussed in this research areDoes firm size have a partial(p) effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock mass meeting at 2013-2017?Does profitability have a partial effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Does leverage have a partial effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Does public ownership have a partial effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Does industry sensitivity have a partial effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Do firm size, profitability, leverage, public ownership and industry sensitivity have a coincident e ffect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Research LimitationThe banter of the problem is limited to affecting some variable to CSR disclosure, which consists of firm size, profitability, leverage, public ownership and industry sensitivity. The company which is observed is manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.Research PurposeTo examine whether firm size has a partial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.To analyze whether profitability has a partial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.To analyze whether leverage has a partial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.To analyze whether public ownership has a partial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013- 2017.To analyze whether industry sensitivity has a partial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.To analyze whether firm size, profitability, leverage, public ownership and industry sensitivity have a simultaneous effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.BenefitFor CompanyThis hear is expected to bring forth information for manufacturing companies in preparing meaningful sustainability reports and making steady sustainability reporting and directed to standard practice.It contributes to the understanding of determinants of CSR disclosure to improve the implementation of disclosure guidelines.This study is expected to be an input for companies in doing consideration and finis making which will be useful in providing an additional value of the company.For investorAs an overview of CSR disclosure that serves as a reference for enthronisation decision making.For a ccounting departmentAs a meaningful contribution to the accounting department to develop a study of financial management especially for CSR disclosure.For studentThis study helps extends the scope of previous studies by introducing independent and dependent variables engage with CSR.The results of this study are expected to be a reference and comparison for further research, which is a concern with the CSR disclosure.GlossaryFirm SizeFirm size is the number of assets owned by the company. Thus, the large and small of a company can be seen by its assets ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData DOI 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004, ISBN 9788578110796, ISSN 1098-6596, PMID 25246403, author dropping-particle , family Rahman, given Arif, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , dropping-particle , family Widyasari, given Kurnia Nur, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , container- call Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, id ITEM-1, issue 1, issued date-parts 2008 , foliate 25-35, title The analysis of company characteristic influence towards CSR disclosure Empirical evidence of manufacturing companies listed in JSX, fount article-journal, intensity level 12 , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=ad81e84f-e72e-4aeb-998f-b3df3f96da8f , mendeley formattedCitation (Rahman & Widyasari, 2008), plainTextFormattedCitation (Rahman & Widyasari, 2008), previouslyFormattedCitation (Rahman & Widyasari, 2008) , properties noteIndex 9 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/ verify/csl-citation.json (Rahman & Widyasari, 2008).ProfitabilityProfitability measure the focus on company profits ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Marcus, given Brealey Myers, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , edition Lima, id ITEM-1, issued date-parts 2006 , number-of-pages 372, publi shing house Erlangga, title Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan Perusahaan Jilid 2, type book , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=eaa4ed05-0031-4fc6-9f14-1d31d7503a15 , mendeley formattedCitation (Marcus, 2006), manualFormatting (Marcus, 2006, p. 80), plainTextFormattedCitation (Marcus, 2006), previouslyFormattedCitation (Marcus, 2006) , properties noteIndex 9 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Marcus, 2006, p. 80). capacious companies are expected to earn more profit than small companies. It also measures the using of the efficiency of company assets ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Husnan, given Suad, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , dropping-particle , family Enny Pudjiastuti, given , non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , edition Pertama, id ITEM-1, issued date-parts 1996 , publisher unit Penerbit dan Percetakan (UPP) AMP YKPN, publisher-place Yogyakarta, title Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan, type book , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=561254b1-8c37-4dae-9f07-9552249e0f60 , mendeley formattedCitation (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996), manualFormatting (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996, p. 73), plainTextFormattedCitation (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996), previouslyFormattedCitation (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996) , properties noteIndex 9 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996, p. 73).LeverageLeverage means measuring the companys ability to fulfill its financial obligations. It can be that leverage is measure how far the company uses debt ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Husnan, given Suad, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , dropping-particle , family Enny Pudjia stuti, given , non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , edition Pertama, id ITEM-1, issued date-parts 1996 , publisher Unit Penerbit dan Percetakan (UPP) AMP YKPN, publisher-place Yogyakarta, title Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan, type book , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=561254b1-8c37-4dae-9f07-9552249e0f60 , mendeley formattedCitation (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996), manualFormatting (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996, p. 70), plainTextFormattedCitation (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996), previouslyFormattedCitation (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996) , properties noteIndex 9 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Husnan & Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996, p. 70).Public OwnershipPublic ownership is the proportion of share ownership owned by the public of the companys shares ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Arthana, given R onny, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , container-title Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB UB, id ITEM-1, issue 2, issued date-parts 2012 , page 1-14, title Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan (CSR) Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Indeks LQ45 Bursa Saham Indonesia (BEI), type article-journal, volume 1 , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=848daaaf-51e9-409e-b044-80ae139493e6 , mendeley formattedCitation (Arthana, 2012), plainTextFormattedCitation (Arthana, 2012), previouslyFormattedCitation (Arthana, 2012) , properties noteIndex 9 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Arthana, 2012). The bigger the share which is owned by the public, the more information will be explained, the investors want to get more information about its investment and make sure that it is safely managing then the obligation will be fulfilled.Industry Sensiti vityIndustry sensitivity can be interpreted as how big the influence of industrial activity that is directly related to the environment ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Winarsih, given Arga Mustika, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , id ITEM-1, issued date-parts 2015 , title Pengaruh Media Online , Sensitivitas Industri Dan Struktur Corporate Governance Terhadap Kualitas Environmental revealing Governance (Studi Pada Perusahaan High Profile di BEI), type report , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=d495d810-1aa1-41f2-8dc4-6690588eae85 , mendeley formattedCitation (Winarsih, 2015), plainTextFormattedCitation (Winarsih, 2015), previouslyFormattedCitation (Winarsih, 2015) , properties noteIndex 10 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Winarsih, 2015).

Different between leader and manager

LEADER.From the root word itself, a draw is basically somebody who leads or guides and is in charge or in command of others. (www. thefreedictionary. com, 2007) But not every one is a natural loss leader. Leadership to some is innate and to others, a skill.. And certain leaders have different characteristics but compar able-bodied basic roles. In essence, there are nine roles for a leader. First, a leader m elderlyiness establish the role of a sage. He constantly develops wisdom through constant gain of knowledge somewhat wide-range subjects and designs a strategy by organism mindful of considerations and consequences.He must in addition be open to knock the best path for the organization. Second role that the leader must play is that of a visionary. A visionary-leader must know how to turn seemingly impossible dreams into reality by innovating postful ideas and articulating it to the members so that the whole convention would act. A leader should be a magician. Magician in a sense that he should be able to reform things without wasting too much effort and coordinates change by maintaining equilibrium among the structures, systems and procedures of the old system into a new one.Also, he should be able to maintain calmness despite a transitions instability. The fourth role is that of a globalist. The leader should promote the organizations acquirement in leveraging the diversity of its custody to ensue its global activities. The leader should besides be able find the common ground on which the workforce can productively function. Next role is being a mentor. The leader should be committed to personal and professional development and can help his workforce to advance their careers through several learning opportunities and is devoted to the individuality of each member of the theme.The leader should as well serves as a motivator by generating an environment for people to find their inner drive. Then, the leader should in any case be an ally whic h builds partnerships to come up with an effective and mutually beneficial collaboration. The leader must too be a team player. He must besides be willing to extend his desire to others. Then, the leader should also be sovereign. He should always be mindful in the use of power and is clever enough to take risks and face uncertainty. He should be accountable enough to take liabilities for the organization. He should be reliable in honoring obligations.The leader must also be a guide. He must be a flexible organizer and focuse. The leader put ups the journey towards the goal worthwhile. He should be able to use his expertise to accomplish the work and support the efforts of others. The last role of a leader is being an artisan. The workforce should see the leaders devotion to master his craft and is always act excellence through balanced aesthetic with practical standards. The leader should also be able to amaze attention to detail and is always pushing the creative juices of e very one. (theleadingedge. com, 2007)Style is the method and approach of presenting direction, plan performance and motivating people. (Clark, 2005) In the manner of leadership, there are basically three styles. First is the authoritarian or autocratic style. In this style, the leader has absolute power over the team. The workforce has little opportunity to make suggestions even though it is for the best interest of the organization. This style is best employed for routine or menial jobs. Second is the bureaucratic style wherein it works by the books to ensure that the work is done properly.This is usually used in works involving serious safety risks or big bodily deals. The last is the democratic style. The leader is open to the suggestion of the members in the decision-making process but in the end, the final decision still relies on the leader. MANAGER. He is someone who manages or controls resources and expenditures. (eLook. org, 2007) Managers play a significant role in admi nistering the performance of their organization. First, he is involved in the decision-making process of the organization.This role involves planning out strategies to solve or improve the forest of the wok force and the product. The managing director should also be concerned in maketing, planning and organizing the goal of the organization. To achieve scam and long term goals, the passenger vehicle should communicate the vision of the organization to the whole members. As the manager, he should also be able to guide and give directions so that the group can efficiently perform. Also, he should also empower the team because the performance of the organization greatly depends on how you motivate them.As a manager, you should also be able to effectively communicate with your subordinates to maintain the rapport in the organization. Another role is to evaluate and examine a process that may give the best performance for the organization. Also, the manager should provide fulfillmen t amongst everyone. Lastly, the manager must be an excellent role model to the whole organization. The manager must always set a high standard not just for the group but for him as well and should be able to accomplish it. The manager must set as an example of being accountable for his and the groups performance.( astir(predicate)-personal-growth. com, 2007) There are two main styles of management. These are autocratic and permissive. In the autocratic style, the manager makes all the decision unilaterally while in the permissive style, the manager allows the subordinates in the decision-making and gives them a unquestionable degree of autonomy in the work activities. (www. rpi. edu, 2007) One example of a good leader is Margaret Thatcher. She was responsible for setting in motion a series of interrelated events that gave a revolutionary twist to the century.She also helped the world mark the end of the millennium with hope and buoyancy. She became powerful person to many transform ations that the world has seen. (Jonhson, 2003) On the other hand, there are many great managers that do not make it in print. But, there are ways to become a great manager. The best managers are those who have an enthusiasm for continuous learning and are willing to work for their self improvement. (Hill, August 2003) A good manager is also someone who is both a team player and is concerned for others. Leaders and managers are almost similar but we there are still some differences.In a reality, the context of a leader is someone that is etched in our minds as someone heroes or patriotic. Whereas, we see managers as someone fitted in the corporate world. They are seldom associated with greatness or patriotism. In the corporate world, we also seldom hear about great managers a s great leaders. The difference between manager (or management) is that they are two sides of the similar coin. In being one, they perceive each other whilst being diverse and different they are split of the whole with vital contrasts and in those very same contrasts, they make each other clear. (Garner, 2005)

Culture and the Collective Consciousness: Nelly Richard and Crítica Cultural Essay

French born but Chilean based, Nelly Richard is an prestigious figure within contemporary Latin the Statesn cultural studies, though she has often taken bit with the use of this term to describe her work. A leading proponent of psychoanalytical and feminist understandings of the social, Richard, editor of the Revista de Crtica Cultural between 1990 and 2008, is an innovative thinker responsible for creating a way of approaching cultural abstract which has been dubbed crtica cultural. Her conceptual framework privileges theoretical insights gleaned from structuralism, which in French includes what is commonly referred to in the Anglo academy as post structuralism. Our discussion of her work focuses on her vision of the role of the social sciences in Latin America today. Richard questions the conceptual underpinning of these disciplines and argues for a more thoroughly contextualised understanding of the relationship between knowledge production and power.Richard, Nelly. The social Sciences Front Lines and Points of Retreat. In The Insubordination of Signs Political Change, Cultural Transformation and Poetics of the Crisis. London Duke University Press, 2004. Beasley-Murray, Jon. Reflections in a Neoliberal Store Window Nelly Richard and the Chilean Avant-garde. Art Journal 64 (3) 126129. PDF Pino-Ojeda, Walescka. Critica cultural y marginalidad Una lectura al trabajo de Nelly Richard. Revista de Crtica Literaria Latinoamericana, Ao 25, No. 49 (1999), pp. 249-263. PDF Del Sarto, Ana Cultural Critique in Latin America or Latin-American Cultural Studies? Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies Travesia, Volume 9, study 3, 2000. PDF

Costco case Analysis Essay

1. What is Costcos business copy? Is the ac lodges business fabric appealing? Why or why non?Costcos business model is centre on producing high gross revenue volumes and speedy history dollar volume by offering members blueer-ranking prices on a limited selection of national name brands and select mystical-label products in a wide range variety. Costco is focused in low-cost system is concentrated on a narrow buy segment and come in competing rivals by having lower costs, thence being able serve a niche consumers at a lower price. (Gamble, John and Thompson, Arthur (2009). Costcos business model is appealing because they ar able to continually denounce to a niche foodstuff. This niche market has annual income which ranges from $75,000 to $100,000 or much a year. By offering the best products possible at lower price, they ar able to have these members return. Presently there ar 47,679,000 card holders which include Executive members, Business member, Primary cardho lders and Add-on cardholders. Whereas Costco has offered the most popular products in enounce to have a rapid turn-over. Costco has proven that there business strategy has worked by continually producing higher(prenominal)(prenominal) net sale.2. What are the chief elements of Costcos strategy? How good is the strategy?Strategy is the organizations pre selected that means to secure its goals or objectives, while keeping in view current and future remote conditions. Costcos strategys elements are low prices, limited product lines and selection and treasure lean shopping environment. Costcos is adjacent cost leadership strategy which is good because on this base they rout out compete with their competitors. By limited product lines and limited selection they are offering limited 4000 items which are less as compared to its competitors. Costcos is adopted market development strategy by capturing new markets for existing products. Also it provides such product at low prices to i ts members which they believe will not be procurable in next visit. This works as an incentive and members try to take maximum advantage and therefore Costcos sales volume increases. At Costcos storage warehouse products are not offered in all(prenominal) coat. The strategy they followed is that by offering e truly size their efficiency will decrease therefore it is give tongue to intelligent loss of sales.3. Do you speak out Jim Sinegal has been an effective CEO? What grades would you give him in leading the answer of crafting and executing Costcos strategy? What support can you offer forthese grades?Refer to figure 2.1 in Chapter in developing your answers. Jim Sinegal is an effective CEO afterward gone through the case study. There are heterogeneous reasons which show that Mr. Jim Sinegal was responsible to lead the path of strategy effectively. First, Jim Sinegal had made a transparent and well delimitate planned path for the Costco to follow. He was the only person in the company for the preparation of business model and appreciated over the suppuration of the strategy of the company. He had know how skills and created an environment to offer treasure melt down in the stores and maintain low prices and helps in promoting large volume of store traffic that helped in create quick turnover of inventory.He was responsible for driving the ability of the company to achieve yearly sales nearly to $130 million per store. According to the case study Sinegal had performed excellent job in the act of the strategy process at Costco. He performed catchlet functions in the company as producer, knowledgeable critic and director. He went to stores for investigation for checking out the performance of store managers and asked various questions from them, approximately the performance of stores and told them to do more work on their weak areas. In this case, when Sinegal found answers to his questions less than expected than he told store managers to do m ore research and come back with sufficient reading.4. What core values or business convention has Jim Sinegal stressed at Costco?The main business principle activity of Costco is to provide high value to users by offering global and local tag products at low prices, also it integrates its employees in a very nicely way. Jim Sinegal wanted to say that these two principal activities reflected in working environment of Costco which makes them profitable passim the world as compared to other conventional sweepingrs and productrs.5. (in the event you have covered Chapter 3) What is competition like in the north America wholesale club industry? Which of the tail fin competitive forces is strongest and why?Use the information in Figures 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8 (and the related discussions in Chapter 3) to do a complete five-forces analysis of competition in the North American wholesale club industry. The wholesale club industry has evolved into a common oligopoly just as other maj or industries have. The big three of this industry are Costco, Sams Club, and BJs. A five forces analysis will be examined in regards to the wholesale club industry. Force one, barriers to entry the three companiesare at an advantage because of the difficulty of new blottos entering the industry. They accomplish economies of dental plate and scope due to the size and volume of their sales by buying and selling more goods on a larger scale with lower costs. It would take a considerable amount of time for a new entrant to achieve the benefits of economies of scale. The capital requirements are large due to the construction of buildings and acquisition of land and licenses.Only companies with an established diffusion network would have a fair chance of entering the industry. Force two, the threat of substitutes, is not a factor because the service they offer is not offered by other outside competitors. Force three, the bargaining precedent of buyers, is the strongest force working in the favor of the industry. This is so because buyers cannot negotiate the price. The main reason customers come to wholesale clubs is they are attracted by the already low prices and value of buying in bulk. Force quaternity, the bargaining former of suppliers could come into play if a more favorable opportunity presents itself in the general retail industry. sell clubs offer only a percentage of the products that a general retailer does. A key strategy of Costco is aimed squarely at selling top-quality merchandise at prices unchangingly below what other wholesalers or retailers charge. Force fifth, rivalry among existing players, is not a major factor.Costco, the runaway leader presently, offers the treasure play deals where extreme bargains are offered for short, unannounced periods of time. This creates buzz amongst customers by enticing them to return on a consistent basis to explore what treasures are available. BJs sets itself apart by being the only club among the thr ee to accept manufacturers coupons. They also are the only club to accept all four major credit cards, MasterCard, Visa, Discover, and American Express, at all locations. They also offer a broader assortment of items as compared to Sams and Costco.6. Base on the data in case Exhibits 1 and 4, is Costcos monetary performance superior to that at Sams Club and BJs wholesale?7. Does the data in case Exhibit Exhibit 2 indicate that Costcos expansion outside the U.S. is financially undefeated? Why or why not?8. How well is Costco performing from a strategic perspective? Does Costco transport a competitive advantage over Sams Club? Over BJS upstanding sale? If so, what is the nature of its competitive advantage? Does Costco have a winning strategy? Why or why not?Costco has been playing very successful in the wholesaling industry as it can be seen from its business strategies. First of all, for the purpose of supporting the Costcos business model of generating high sales volumes and ra pid inventory turnover, Costco members are given a limited selection of nationally branded and select private label products in a wide range of merchandise categories. Then Costco combine its rapid inventory turnover with the operating efficiencies to run the business profitably at significant lower gross margins than traditional wholesales, mass merchandisers, supermarkets and supercenters. As a result, Costco takes advantages of its high sales volume and rapid inventory turnover to retain the benefits of early payment discounts from merchandise vendors due to the high sales volume and rapid inventory turnover allow Costco to generate enough cash in account.Secondly, the pricing strategy of Costco is key factors to support the low price business strategy which is to cap the margins on branded name merchandise at 14 percent so that its members can buy with low price. Thirdly, Costco focus to offer limited selection that is about 4000 items with fast selling models, sizes and colors , and target the small businesses for its commercial and professional models selling. Furthermore, advertising and sales campaigns are not being used frequently by Costco for the marketing strategy and the company only launches campaigns for new warehouse rudeings. In addition, Costco also use direct air to prospective new members occasionally and direct mail programs promoting selected merchandise to members regularly.Opening more new warehouses, building an ever larger and fiercely loyal rank base and employing well executed merchandising techniques to encourage members to shopping more frequently with big trip are the main central growth strategy of Costco. Moreover, online shopping is another alternative that Costco offered to members so as to make their shopping more convenient rather than switch to competitors. In addition, Majority of merchandise is own by Costco, and the company also builds direct buying relationships with many producers of national brand name merchandise and manufacturers and this result in the available of flexible alternatives of suppliers for Costco in anytime tohave sufficient of stocked merchandise.Also, Costcos social status base and member demographics contains powerful buying ability as it mainly target the individual customers with token(prenominal) income of $75000 and 30 percent of the targeted customers earn more than $100000 annually. For the purpose of executing Costcos strategy successfully, the company offer biannual bonuses and full spectrum of benefits for its employees. More important, the promoting opportunities will consider the insiders first based on the company policy. Other factors that determine the success of Costco also include the business philosophy, values and code of ethics such as obey the law and governmental regulations, take of members, take of employees, respect suppliers and business partners, and reward the shareholders. Costco is whipstitch both Sams Club and BJs wholesale in net sales and market share. However, Sams Club has launched an aggressive campaign to increase its market share.9. Are Costcos prices as well low? Why or why not?Yes, because the gross profit margin falls into the commonplace range for this industry. However, it should be trending upward and as you can see it is actually decreasing slightly. If this trend continues, stairs will need to be taken to correct the problem. Another probability indicator, return on shareowner equity indicates that the company has a problem. Average returns are around 12%, which Costco was nearing in 2004 and 2005. In2006, the company see a sharp decline which is causing for matter to. Investigate this decline. It could be due to low profits after taxes. If the pricing is too low, this can happen. Currently, Sinegal, admittedly, tries to sell products at the lowest price possible for longevity.However, if the investors in the firm are not making appropriate returns for the risk, they will invest elsewhere. The curren t ratio figure is in the average range but on the decline. The debt to equity shows a strong balance sheet and low levels of debt. It is trending downward. The inventory turnover rate is slightly higher than average, indicating that Costco is outperforming competitors in moving product. Also cause for concern is the fact that the working capital is shrinking. This might indicate the inability to round without a loan. 10. What do you think of Costcos compensation practices? Does it surprise you that Costco employees apparently are ratherwell-compensated?Costcos compensation and benefits are higher than those at walmart. Salaried employees in Costco warehouses could earn anywhere from $30000 to $125000 anually. Costco employees enjoyed a benefit package that included the following points. Health and dental care plans.A dependant care reimbursement plan.Confidential professional counseling services. play along paid long term disability coverage equal to 60%,of earning for workers that were out for more than one hundred eighty days on a non-workers compensationleave of absence. Generous life insurance and accidental death and dismemberment coverage. An employee stock purchase plan.11. What recommendations would you make to Costco top management regarding how best to sustain the companys growth and improve its financial performance?Costco is a company that have some criticism, such as throng has to wait for a long time to pay their products. However costco doeS not have big problems that urgently need to be fixed. So it should stand in the same course using the present strategy. I think Costco has the capacity to continue investing in new stores and grow sales. It can also expand sales by introducing new products line, like furniture. The company has the financial resources to keep growing its business and open more warehouse locations

The United States as an Empire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The United States as an Empire - Research Paper ExampleAn empire is defined as an extensive group of countries under the umbrella of a single supreme authority and mainly watchled by an emperor or an empress. An empire exercises control and influence over an expanded territory beyond its genuine boundaries while maintaining military posts or bases throughout the world. To maintain the control, an empire conducts wars of aggression on foreign lands and goes to an goal of offering protection to other countries as well. As a way of serving the less better off(predicate) people from other countries, an empire accepts them into its realm as unskilled laborers. The United States is well endowed with powers that do not match any other nation. The absence of serious threats to the American security that gives the United States control over foreign policy choices. Lack of military threat gives the U.S opportunities for global outreach. The military capabilities enable the U.S to living its outreach ends. The U.S military has never been ch eachenged by any country. For instance, in the year 2012, the U.S military spending was bigger than any other spending of other influential military powers like China, Russia, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Saudi Arabia, India, Germany, Italy, and Brazil all combined. This is why the U.S dominates military globally, keeping international deployment at the present level, and tackling international missions successfully (Buzan 2004, p.9). Even to begin with the Americans were free, they already had intimations of greatness. The French and the Indian War demonstrated that the U.S forces were of significant size as per the eighteenth century standards, especially their armies on the North American continent. The Anglo-American victory determined their western boundaries and further gave them the confidence of variation superpowers over other governments.

The objectives of the Justice Policy Institute Essay

The objectives of the Justice Policy Institute - canvas Exampleinternet) Yes, heavy(a) a chance to a jailed convict is understandable. But questions have to be answered. Is it worth it Is any program to that effect deserving of support Is incarceration really not the resolve Whatever the answers are, does the Justice Policy Institute have a definite, determined and clearly streamlined missions and visionsWith its objectives focussed on offering or proposing alternatives to incarceration, the Justice Policy Institute, a non-profit organization, believes that the options incorporated in its goals and missions are safe, powerful and fair and these are achieved, among others, through researching into the roots and outcomes of incarceration. (Schiraldi, Vincent Schiraldi, Jason Colburn and Eric Lotke. An Examination of the Impact of Three Strikes Laws. THREE STRIKES AND YOU ARE OUT. internet.) It similarly is a proponent of changing the perceptions of the public regarding the issue o f jailing. Further more, it commits to assist the government and the communities along that line. Interestingly, the organization, even giving it the benefit of the doubt that it has the sincerity in proposing alternatives divulge and more worthwhile than prisons, the goals it has outlined seem to be overshadowed by the attendant vagueness. It even takes serious issue on the so-called three strikes laws which increase the penalties of three-time offenders stating that the ensuant infractions are usually non-violent and, therefore, there is really not much necessity of added punishment. The Arguments of the ProponentsThe impart defines its mission as one to rally the promotion of solutions allegedly more effective than reliance on incarceration or imprisonments in fixing social problems. The proponents and advocates of the Justice Policy Institute provided claim that, as a matter of fact, the United States of America has had remarkable rise in the numbers of prisoners and that it s rates of incarceration round top world statistics. They also criticize political hyperboles regarding declarations of getting tough on crimes. The institute leadership further raises the issue that social predicaments such as mental health and substance abuse can better be addressed by sending the patients not behind bars but in well-nigh other places where they can instead be better taken cared of. The institute stresses that the country is paying for more than two million incarcerated people. Owing to those dynamics, the leaders of the group advance the idea that better solutions are at hand and need to be applied. Such approaches as supportive of treatment and other options involving the communities are claimed to put forward safety and save money. The organization expresses the view that there are wiser ways to rehabilitate criminals. It says more hunt down must be done. (Our Mission. Justice Policy Institute. internet)Going over its website postings, one can see the activ ities of the institute the reports it renders opposing development in the prison system, the researches it makes on jail statistics and other seemingly relevant items. i issue tells of