Practical Pricing Essay Example for Free

Practical Pricing Essay Through a thorough analysis of activity-based costing, it is obvious that there is more information to account for than first expected. It is essential that management be able to understand the concept of ABC beyond the surface in order to grasp the manner in which it behaves. Besides the fact that it is a concept which involves the measurement of manufacturing costs and non-manufacturing costs, ABC has a considerable amount of information to be understood. The manner in which the system is implemented in various companies is essential for management which is contemplating whether or not to use such a system. As well, it is necessary that myths and misconceptions about the subject be clearly understood in order to prevent any ill-fortune to a company. As well, it is evident that ABC has emerged as an important concept in the field of Cost accounting. With many issues at the forefront of Cost accounting, perhaps one of the frontrunners would be the issue of globalization. These current issues provide an interpretation that activity-based costing has emerged as an important aspect of Cost accounting in the sense that it is instrumental for managers when making crucial decisions The accounting cost methods described here dont end when optimal pricing has been achieved and variability brought under control. These are only the first two milestones in a continuing process of pricing for maximum profitability. Next, companies must identify products that are no longer profitable and monitor customer churn for signs that prices are higher than the value provided in return. Any products value proposition changes as the market evolves. The number of competitors might swell or shrink; new products or versions of products could be launched; competitors might start or stop giving rebates. Thus, every time market information is collected, it is vital to measure the customer and sales churn of every product even if prices havent changed recently. It may be necessary to change prices as a result. Since net or final are always moving, a products total cost and its impact on profits should also be monitored. Products that dont meet managements minimum profit requirements may have to be discontinued. Of course, a product it itself is losing money may be worth keeping for strategic reasons, such as rounding out a comprehensive product line or serving as a mechanism for appealing to big customers. The analytical rigor and unbiased nature of this approach make considerable organizational demands on the companies that use it. A change in pricing is a major enterprise for any organization; it cant be achieved overnight. Companies accustomed to anecdotal approaches may resist. For these reasons, it might be wise to form a specific group to make pricing recommendations and monitor the impact of price changes. With the support of the sales organization and senior management, the group could put forward pricing suggestions even in the face of opposition. By closely monitoring the impact of price changes, the group would be alert to the need for midstream adjustments. To the extent that the organization must evolve over time from a sales-and-technology orientation to a focus on pricing and the bottom line, the pricing group could be the agent of that transformation. Of course, the leader of the group shouldnt report to anyone directly affected by its recommendations, even if that person for example, the vice president of marketing or finance would otherwise be a logical choice. Moreover, a clear succession plan should be developed to get high-caliber people, especially from sales, to work in a somewhat isolated pricing group. They ought to understand that there will be no negative political repercussions if they want to return to sales or move up the corporate ladder, for by necessity if they want to return to sales or move up the corporate ladder, for by necessity such a group will often irritate the senior people in a company. Finally, pricing can be a key lever of profitability. Bibliography 1. Anderson, R. J. , Hughes, S. A.  and Sharrock, W. W. (19xx) Practical Pricing, in Working for Profit: The Social Organisation of Calculation in an Entrepreneurial Firm (Aldershot: Gower), chapter 8, pp. 139-157 2. Brimson, James A. Activity Accounting. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. , 1991. 3. Carrol, Raymond F. Chesley, G. R. Garrison, Ray. Noreen, Eric. Managerial Accounting: Concepts for Planning, Control, Decision Making. Toronto: McGraw-Hill-Ryerson Ltd. , 2001. 4. Foster, George. Horngren, Charles T. Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. , 1991.

Snowboarding trip :: essays research papers

Snowboarding can be an energizing, invigorating experience and I think that everyone who likes skateboarding should give it a try. Snowboarding is very similar to skateboarding, the only differences are that you have to be strapped to the board and you need snow. The only type of equipment you need to snowboard is a snowboard and warm clothes. Snowboarding can be done at any ski resort and is growing in popularity. On my nineteenth birthday I decided that I wanted to go to Peak-in-Peak ski resort. I called TJ, Scott, and Justin to invite them on this trip; they all accepted my invention to go. The fact that the three of them have skateboarded with me for a number of years I knew that they would be interested in learning to snowboard; what better time than this trip to do so. The ski resort that I had picked for the trip was in New York. Peak-in-Peak was perfect for all levels of snowboarding. I was most interested in the snowboard train park that was offered there. February 22, 2001 we arrived at our condo that I had rented for our weekend of excitement. It was Friday at about 5:00pm, the Friday of my birthday. After checking in we were all eager to hit the slopes. We all got changed into our snowboard gear and set out for some fun. TJ and Justin caught on to the sport very quickly, after a couple of falls they were up and going down the hill. Scott took a little more time and instruction from me to pick up the art of going down the hill. After all the fun snowboarding we went back to the condo with some newfound friends and had a party. The party got a bit out of control at about 3:00am and the police were soon there to bust up the party. We all were issued under

Lies My Teacher Told Me Essay

There is a common expression that a lot of us have heard at least one time â€Å"don’t believe everything you read†, just because a book is written and published does not mean is always accurate. True historical facts can easily be transformed by adding or taking away details in order to see it only from a certain perspective. The textbooks in history classrooms represent many different groups from the perspective of one group, usually European. Loewen explores the topic of why students dislike history classes. He also discusses the idea that much of what students learn in American history classes, is wrong and that there are many omissions. He challenges the Public School system mostly in regards on how history is taught in high school classrooms. American history books wish to paint the United States as the best country, almost to the point where they make it seem that it doesn’t have any flaws. A lot of books used to teach history in high school neglect to include the entire information on events that formed the United States. Reading some essays from the book Lies My Teachers Told Me helped me open my eyes and see how wrong history is taught in high school; we as citizens need to do the proper research and spread the knowledge among peers to create socially aware generations. Most of the time American history isolates children of color by ignoring the fact that many of the people who contributed greatly to this country were non-white. In a sense, one can say that this contributes to the majority of high school students thinking of white as superior to other races. They think that no other races made great contributions in building this nation. This mentality can be seen as an immediate effect of history classes omitting details about other races major contributions to the country. According to Loewen most students also see history as a boring subject, this is because history is made up of nothing but stories that shouldn’t be boring but textbooks companies have left out anything that â€Å"might reflect badly upon our national character†(Loewen). The case of John Brown is a good example of something that might reflect badly to our national character. He was an American abolitionist who believed armed revolution was the only way to overthrow slavery in the United States. The name John Brown was never mentioned in any of my history classes. After learning about John Brown, my perspective of things changed and it made me see that the people who are responsible for putting the books in high school classrooms, are trying to keep students at a margin in which nobody can learn anything about rebels who used violence to make a statement about inequalities lived in the United States. Omitting this historical fact from books and not permitting teachers to give students the knowledge about John Brown makes it seem that they want to keep people under control and avoid some kind of revolution. That is because, until these days there is a lot of inequalities but seems like everybody just goes along with their life and overlook many inequalities that are going on in our nation and the world. The study of history in high school is mostly all about facts and dates. Students find this to be irrelevant and have a difficult time to make the connection between history to their daily lives. Therefore, making history really boring and the material presented does not really challenge any student to think critically and analyze history. The topic of social class is never touched in high school, which is something that everybody relates to. The issues seen in â€Å"The Land of Opportunity† can make a lot of people gain instant and undivided attention because we can actually relate to it. It makes you analyze how we live and that is something that affects our daily lives. In high school most students are fed the idea that everybody has an equal chance to achieve success through education, but there is an inequality that puts people of higher social status in an advantage to achieve better scores in tests given in high school. Even without coaching, affluent children are advantaged because their background is similar to that of the test makers†(Loewen,208). It is important for students and people to know that equal opportunity it’s just a phrase that has been propagated by white people. People of color in this country have never had an equal chance to thrive the way white people have. History classes in high schools lead students to believe that everything is okay, so students are not troubled. This view of history holds the American idea of individualism rather than looking at the many factors that affected lack of equal opportunity. High school history courses make us believe that equal opportunity was and is an option for all when the reality is very different. A lot students and people still do not know this, it is important to spread this kind of knowledge among people we know in an attempt to make them socially aware. If it doesn’t enforce an immediate change, at least an idea is established and they eventually can look into it when they realize that, in fact the world is not always fair to minorities. By students understanding this, it would make it easier to make a change and achieve many of their goals. Textbooks ignore many historical realities for a variety of reasons. One of the main reasons is that publishers believe that students must develop a sense of nationalism or patriotism towards the United States. To acknowledge troubling areas in our nation’s history is to run the risk that patriotism is not going to be developed. They distort events and avoid conflict that might spark up some type of controversy. This causes students to fail in engaging and analyze information and draw their own conclusion about the credibility and cause and effect of the events being presented. Instead, students have to memorize the standard information given, which is often times is wrong and manipulated. This wrong information builds around them without students actually making a critical analysis or whether the information is true or not. All the important issues that we don’t learn in class makes me think as a citizen to do my own research and learn the facts about any issues. Not only in regards of history but also in situations that are going on in different parts of the world. Because the fault for our misinformation is not entirely from publishers who need to sell books or interest groups that prefer myth to reality, each of us who learned this myths and believes them as untouchable are also to blame. We need to change this and speak about it to the people we know in order to create socially aware generations, by just speaking to some people it can create a chain reaction and eventually more citizens are going to be informed. By spreading the knowledge a lot of change can come, the change might not be immediate but if we are not actors we will never be factors.

The Civil Rights Movement in 20th Century America

The Civil Rights Movement Until the 1950s, African Americans had experienced discrimination in all aspects of their lives. They were no longer slave, but they were definitely not equal citizens. During the 1950s and 1960s, African Americans, along with a number of other racial groups, embarked on a campaign to change this situation. This campaign challenged discrimination and fought to achieve the objective of equality that the American constitution promised for its entire people. It composed a number of significant groups, individuals and events to fulfil this vital objective. It was known as the Civil Rights Movement. Significant Groups The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) was founded in 1909 by WEBB†¦show more content†¦It faded out of existence in the 1970s. The Black Panthers were a political militant group of the Civil Rights Movement, led by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The Black Panthers were the opposite of other non-violent organisations in strategy, but the principal behind their actions was the same. They were advocates for the reconstruction of American society to achieve social, political and economic equality for African Americans. They patrolled black communities and protected the residents from abuses of police power. Although some of the significant groups during the Civil Rights Movement differed in their way of doing things, they all had the same message to send. Their objectives were to stamp out inequality for African Americans and put a stop to discrimination, racism and segregation, which were in turn the objectives of the Civil Rights Movement. Significant Events In 1957, just following the end of desegregation in schools, nine African American students attempted to attend the Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. They were met by a racist crowd who hurled threats and attempted violence against the nine students to the extent where the US army were called in to protect the students from the angry mob. They were the first African American students to be integrated into a white high school. The pro-segregationists of Little Rock engaged in campaigns of hatred andShow MoreRelatedThe Jim Crow Laws And School Segregation810 Words   |  4 PagesThere were many forms of discrimination in America. Discrimination was everywhere in the 20th century, and the population most affected by this were African Americans. Two of the most critical injustices committed in America during the 20th century were the development of the Jim Crow laws and school segregation. However, these injustices have been rectified as a result of the Civil Rights Movement and the decision of the supreme court of Brown v. 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